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The Effect of Generalization Strategy on Understanding Culture-Specific Items in Translated Poetry

1. Age
2. Is English your native language?
3. How familiar are you with traditional Chinese history, geography, or literature?
Item 1 – Institutional word 
Original: 借問(wèn)大將誰(shuí)?恐是霍嫖姚。 
Context: “Huo Piaoyao” is a famous Han general’s title. 
Version A (generalized): What could their commander do for his part... 
Version B (literal): I’m afraid it is Huo Piaoyao, the swift cavalry commander of Han.
4. Version A – How easy to understand
5. Version A – How clear is the general’s role
6. Version B – How easy to understand
7. Version B – How clear is the general’s role
8. Which version is easier to understand
Item 2 – Allusion 
Original: 岐王宅里尋常見(jiàn),崔九堂前幾度聞。
Context: “Qi Wang” and “Cui Jiu” are noble figures of the Tang dynasty. 
 Version A (generalized): How oft in princely mansions did we meet! / As oft in lordly halls I heard you sing. 
Version B (literal names): How oft in Prince Qi’s mansion did we meet! / As oft in Lord Cui Jiu’s hall I heard you sing.
9. Version A – How easy to understand
10. Version A – How clear is the setting
11. Version B – How easy to understand
12. Version B – How clear is the setting
13. Which version is easier to understand
Item 3 – Geographic name
Original: 朝進(jìn)東門(mén)營(yíng),暮上河陽(yáng)橋。 
Context: “Heyang Bridge” is a famous bridge over the Yellow River. 
Version A (generalized): At dusk we cross the bridge on the Yellow River. 
Version B (literal): At dusk we cross Heyang Bridge.
14. Version A – How clearly do you picture the location
15. Version B – How clearly do you picture the location
16. Which version is easier to understand
17. Based on the examples above, please rate your agreement with the statement: Generalizing specific cultural terms makes translated Chinese poetry easier to read and understand.
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